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產生靜電的幾種形式

時間：2014-12-14作者：admin 瀏覽次數：

A．接觸(chu)起電
接觸起(qi)電(dian)可發生(sheng)在固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)-固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)-液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)-液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的分界面上。氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)能由這種方(fang)式(shi)帶電(dian)，但如果氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)中懸(xuan)浮有固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)顆粒(li)或液(ye)滴，則固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)顆粒(li)或液(ye)滴均可以由接觸方(fang)式(shi)帶電(dian)，以致這種氣體(ti)(ti)(ti)能夠攜帶靜電(dian)電(dian)荷。
B．破斷(duan)起電
不論材料(liao)破斷前其(qi)內(nei)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷分布(bu)是否均勻，破斷后均可能在(zai)宏觀范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)導致正負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷分離(li)，產生靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)稱破斷起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。固(gu)體粉碎、液體分裂(lie)過程的起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)都屬于破斷起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
C．感應起電(dian)
導(dao)體(ti)(ti)能由其周圍的一個或一些帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)感(gan)應(ying)而帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。任何帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)周圍都有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中的導(dao)體(ti)(ti)能改(gai)變(bian)周圍電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的分布，同時在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用下，導(dao)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)分離出極(ji)性相反的兩種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。如(ru)果該(gai)(gai)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)與周圍絕緣則將帶(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位，稱感(gan)應(ying)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。導(dao)體(ti)(ti)帶(dai)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位，加上(shang)它帶(dai)有分離開來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。因此(ci)，該(gai)(gai)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)能夠發生(sheng)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
D．電荷遷移
當(dang)一個(ge)(ge)帶電(dian)(dian)體與一個(ge)(ge)非帶電(dian)(dian)體相接觸時，電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)將按各自導(dao)電(dian)(dian)率所允許(xu)的程度在它們之(zhi)間分配，這就是電(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)遷移(yi)。當(dang)帶電(dian)(dian)霧滴或粉塵撞(zhuang)擊在固體上(如除(chu)塵(chen))時，會(hui)產生有力的(de)電(dian)荷(he)遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)。當氣(qi)體離(li)子流射在(zai)初(chu)始不帶電(dian)的(de)物(wu)體上(shang)時，也會(hui)出現類(lei)似的(de)電(dian)荷(he)遷(qian)(qian)移(yi)。