計算機機房防靜電技術
時間：2014-12-14作者：admin 瀏覽次數：
1． 引言(yan)
計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)房的(de)防靜電(dian)(dian)技術，是(shi)屬(shu)于(yu)機(ji)房安全于(yu)防護范疇(chou)的(de)一部分。由于(yu)種種原因(yin)而產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)，是(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)最(zui)頻(pin)繁，最(zui)難(nan)消除(chu)的(de)危害之一。靜電(dian)(dian)不(bu)僅會對(dui)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)出現(xian)隨機(ji)故障(zhang)(zhang)，而且還會導致某些元(yuan)器(qi)件，如CMOS、MOS電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，雙(shuang)級性電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等的(de)擊穿和毀(hui)壞。此外，還會影響操作人(ren)員和維護人(ren)員的(de)正常的(de)工作和身心健康。計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)在國民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟各個領(ling)(ling)域，諸如氣象(xiang)預測預報、航(hang)空(kong)管理、鐵路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、郵(you)電(dian)(dian)業務(wu)、微波通信、證券營(ying)運(yun)(yun)、財政(zheng)金融、人(ren)造衛星(xing)、導彈發(fa)射等方面的(de)應(ying)用日(ri)益普及(ji)和深入，熱這些領(ling)(ling)域都是(shi)與國名經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟息息相關的(de)，一旦計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)系統在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)中發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)故障(zhang)(zhang)，特別是(shi)件大的(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)會給國名經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟帶(dai)拉額巨(ju)大的(de)損失，造成(cheng)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)影響更不(bu)容(rong)忽(hu)視。
2．機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)的靜(jing)電(dian)及(ji)(ji)其防護靜(jing)電(dian)引起的問(wen)題不僅硬件人(ren)員(yuan)很難查出，有時(shi)(shi)還會(hui)是軟(ruan)件人(ren)員(yuan)誤認為是軟(ruan)件故障，從而造成工作(zuo)混(hun)亂(luan)。此外，靜(jing)電(dian)通過人(ren)體(ti)對計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)或其他設備放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(即所(suo)謂的打火(huo))當(dang)能(neng)量(liang)達到一定程度，也(ye)會(hui)給人(ren)以(yi)觸電(dian)的感覺，造成操作(zuo)系(xi)統作(zuo)維護人(ren)員(yuan)的精(jing)神(shen)負擔，影(ying)響工作(zuo)效率。如何防止(zhi)靜(jing)電(dian)的危害，不僅涉及(ji)(ji)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)的設計(ji)，而且(qie)與(yu)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)的結(jie)構和(he)環境條(tiao)件有很大的關(guan)系(xi)。在建設和(he)管理(li)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)時(shi)(shi)，分析靜(jing)電(dian)對計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)的影(ying)響，研(yan)究其故障特性(xing)，找出產生靜(jing)電(dian)的根源(yuan)，制定減(jian)少以(yi)至消除靜(jing)電(dian)的措施(shi)，始終是一個重要(yao)課題。
3．靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，主要(yao)體(ti)(ti)現在靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)上。可以說半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)敏感(gan)，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)敏感(gan)。隨著計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展,組成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主要(yao)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)――半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也得(de)到了迅(xun)速(su)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。由(you)于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)度、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)增益，又促進(jin)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)度、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)度、大容量和(he)小型(xing)化(hua)。與此同時(shi)，也導(dao)致了半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)反應越來越敏感(gan)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)表現有(you)兩種類型(xing)。一種是(shi)(shi)(shi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)損害(hai)，一種是(shi)(shi)(shi)引起(qi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)誤(wu)(wu)動作或運算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)錯誤(wu)(wu)。元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)損害(hai)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)中(zhong)，大規模(mo)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，對(dui)雙極性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也有(you)一定的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)早期的(de)(de)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，當靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(通常(chang)(chang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao))初級到MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)管腿(tui)時(shi),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)對(dui)其放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),使(shi)(shi)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)擊穿(chuan). 近年來,由(you)于(yu)(yu)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)密(mi)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、速(su)度快、價格低(di)，因而(er)得(de)到了廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)和(he)發(fa)展。目(mu)前大多數(shu)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)都具有(you)端接保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)了抗(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保護能力。盡管如(ru)此，再使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在維(wei)修和(he)更換(huan)時(shi)，同樣要(yao)注意靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)星，過高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓依然(ran)會使(shi)(shi)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)擊穿(chuan)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起(qi)的(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)動作或運算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)錯誤(wu)(wu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休觸(chu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)時(shi)，對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)可能使(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)邏輯元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)輸入錯誤(wu)(wu)信號，引起(qi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)出錯。嚴重者還(huan)會是(shi)(shi)(shi)送入計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)程(cheng)序(xu)紊亂(luan)。此外靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)外部設備也有(you)明顯的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。帶陰極射線(xian)管的(de)(de)顯示設備，當受到靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)干擾時(shi)，會引起(qi)圖像紊亂(luan)，模(mo)糊不請。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)將造成Modem、網(wang)卡、Fax等工(gong)作失(shi)常(chang)(chang)，打印機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)走線(xian)不順等故障(zhang)。
4．計(ji)算機(ji)靜電故(gu)障的特點:
1)． 計算機因靜電引起的(de)故(gu)障特點
a． 靜電(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)出現(xian)的季(ji)節，主要(yao)是冬春干燥期(qi)，就是說靜電(dian)(dian)隨濕度而改變(bian)。
b． 靜電(dian)引(yin)起的故障偶(ou)發性(xing)多(duo)，重復性(xing)不(bu)強(qiang)，一(yi)般是隨機性(xing)的故障，因此，難于找出其誘(you)發的 原因。
c． 靜電(dian)與計算機(ji)房(fang)采用的地板。使用的家具(ju)和工(gong)作(zuo)人員的工(gong)作(zuo)服有(you)關。
d． 靜(jing)電致電子計(ji)算機出現錯誤動作時(shi)，往往是當人體或(huo)其它絕緣體與計(ji)算機設備相(xiang)接觸時(shi) 發(fa)生。
2)． 靜(jing)電(dian)放電(dian)引起計算(suan)機故障(zhang)的原因
a． 由于電流瞬時流經機殼，對(dui)信(xin)號(hao)線(xian)，電源線(xian)產生的感應噪聲。
b． 由于(yu)靜電產生的高(gao)壓(ya)，引起機殼(ke)地，安(an)全的電位變動，從而引起邏(luo)輯(ji)地產生的電位變動。
c． 由于(yu)靜電(dian)放電(dian)時(shi)的接觸部分產(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)磁(ci)波(bo)給于(yu)信號的輻射(she)噪聲
計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)房的(de)防靜電(dian)(dian)技術，是(shi)屬(shu)于(yu)機(ji)房安全于(yu)防護范疇(chou)的(de)一部分。由于(yu)種種原因(yin)而產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)，是(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)最(zui)頻(pin)繁，最(zui)難(nan)消除(chu)的(de)危害之一。靜電(dian)(dian)不(bu)僅會對(dui)計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)出現(xian)隨機(ji)故障(zhang)(zhang)，而且還會導致某些元(yuan)器(qi)件，如CMOS、MOS電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，雙(shuang)級性電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等的(de)擊穿和毀(hui)壞。此外，還會影響操作人(ren)員和維護人(ren)員的(de)正常的(de)工作和身心健康。計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)在國民經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟各個領(ling)(ling)域，諸如氣象(xiang)預測預報、航(hang)空(kong)管理、鐵路(lu)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)、郵(you)電(dian)(dian)業務(wu)、微波通信、證券營(ying)運(yun)(yun)、財政(zheng)金融、人(ren)造衛星(xing)、導彈發(fa)射等方面的(de)應(ying)用日(ri)益普及(ji)和深入，熱這些領(ling)(ling)域都是(shi)與國名經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟息息相關的(de)，一旦計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)系統在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)中發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)故障(zhang)(zhang)，特別是(shi)件大的(de)故障(zhang)(zhang)會給國名經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟帶(dai)拉額巨(ju)大的(de)損失，造成(cheng)的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)影響更不(bu)容(rong)忽(hu)視。
2．機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)的靜(jing)電(dian)及(ji)(ji)其防護靜(jing)電(dian)引起的問(wen)題不僅硬件人(ren)員(yuan)很難查出，有時(shi)(shi)還會(hui)是軟(ruan)件人(ren)員(yuan)誤認為是軟(ruan)件故障，從而造成工作(zuo)混(hun)亂(luan)。此外，靜(jing)電(dian)通過人(ren)體(ti)對計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)或其他設備放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)(shi)(即所(suo)謂的打火(huo))當(dang)能(neng)量(liang)達到一定程度，也(ye)會(hui)給人(ren)以(yi)觸電(dian)的感覺，造成操作(zuo)系(xi)統作(zuo)維護人(ren)員(yuan)的精(jing)神(shen)負擔，影(ying)響工作(zuo)效率。如何防止(zhi)靜(jing)電(dian)的危害，不僅涉及(ji)(ji)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)的設計(ji)，而且(qie)與(yu)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)的結(jie)構和(he)環境條(tiao)件有很大的關(guan)系(xi)。在建設和(he)管理(li)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)時(shi)(shi)，分析靜(jing)電(dian)對計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)的影(ying)響，研(yan)究其故障特性(xing)，找出產生靜(jing)電(dian)的根源(yuan)，制定減(jian)少以(yi)至消除靜(jing)電(dian)的措施(shi)，始終是一個重要(yao)課題。
3．靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)，主要(yao)體(ti)(ti)現在靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)上。可以說半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)敏感(gan)，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)敏感(gan)。隨著計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)工(gong)業的(de)(de)發(fa)展,組成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)主要(yao)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)――半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也得(de)到了迅(xun)速(su)的(de)(de)發(fa)展。由(you)于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)度、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)增益，又促進(jin)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)速(su)度、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)密(mi)度、大容量和(he)小型(xing)化(hua)。與此同時(shi)，也導(dao)致了半導(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本身對(dui)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)反應越來越敏感(gan)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)表現有(you)兩種類型(xing)。一種是(shi)(shi)(shi)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)損害(hai)，一種是(shi)(shi)(shi)引起(qi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)誤(wu)(wu)動作或運算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)錯誤(wu)(wu)。元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)損害(hai)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)只(zhi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)中(zhong)，大規模(mo)集成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，對(dui)雙極性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)也有(you)一定的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)早期的(de)(de)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，當靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)(通常(chang)(chang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao))初級到MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)管腿(tui)時(shi),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)對(dui)其放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),使(shi)(shi)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)擊穿(chuan). 近年來,由(you)于(yu)(yu)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)密(mi)度高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、速(su)度快、價格低(di)，因而(er)得(de)到了廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)和(he)發(fa)展。目(mu)前大多數(shu)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)都具有(you)端接保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)了抗(kang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保護能力。盡管如(ru)此，再使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)在維(wei)修和(he)更換(huan)時(shi)，同樣要(yao)注意靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)星，過高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓依然(ran)會使(shi)(shi)MOS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)擊穿(chuan)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引起(qi)的(de)(de)誤(wu)(wu)動作或運算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)錯誤(wu)(wu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)休觸(chu)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)時(shi)，對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，有(you)可能使(shi)(shi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)邏輯元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)輸入錯誤(wu)(wu)信號，引起(qi)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)出錯。嚴重者還(huan)會是(shi)(shi)(shi)送入計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)程(cheng)序(xu)紊亂(luan)。此外靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對(dui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)外部設備也有(you)明顯的(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。帶陰極射線(xian)管的(de)(de)顯示設備，當受到靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)干擾時(shi)，會引起(qi)圖像紊亂(luan)，模(mo)糊不請。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還(huan)將造成Modem、網(wang)卡、Fax等工(gong)作失(shi)常(chang)(chang)，打印機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)走線(xian)不順等故障(zhang)。
4．計(ji)算機(ji)靜電故(gu)障的特點:
1)． 計算機因靜電引起的(de)故(gu)障特點
a． 靜電(dian)(dian)故(gu)障(zhang)出現(xian)的季(ji)節，主要(yao)是冬春干燥期(qi)，就是說靜電(dian)(dian)隨濕度而改變(bian)。
b． 靜電(dian)引(yin)起的故障偶(ou)發性(xing)多(duo)，重復性(xing)不(bu)強(qiang)，一(yi)般是隨機性(xing)的故障，因此，難于找出其誘(you)發的 原因。
c． 靜電(dian)與計算機(ji)房(fang)采用的地板。使用的家具(ju)和工(gong)作(zuo)人員的工(gong)作(zuo)服有(you)關。
d． 靜(jing)電致電子計(ji)算機出現錯誤動作時(shi)，往往是當人體或(huo)其它絕緣體與計(ji)算機設備相(xiang)接觸時(shi) 發(fa)生。
2)． 靜(jing)電(dian)放電(dian)引起計算(suan)機故障(zhang)的原因
a． 由于電流瞬時流經機殼，對(dui)信(xin)號(hao)線(xian)，電源線(xian)產生的感應噪聲。
b． 由于(yu)靜電產生的高(gao)壓(ya)，引起機殼(ke)地，安(an)全的電位變動，從而引起邏(luo)輯(ji)地產生的電位變動。
c． 由于(yu)靜電(dian)放電(dian)時(shi)的接觸部分產(chan)生(sheng)的電(dian)磁(ci)波(bo)給于(yu)信號的輻射(she)噪聲
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